Before Round One was a Japanese success, both offensively and defensively. The battle was a strategic victory for the United States. Ben Brimelow. This action was Hitler's attack through the Ardennes Forest in a final attempt to stop Allied advances towards Germany. As a significant turning point in the Pacific during World War II, the Battle of Midway in June 1942 shattered the advancing Japanese forces. The Hornets slow, lumbering Devastator torpedo bombers, without fighter protection, were lining up for the attack. Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, the Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese fleet, warned the Imperial Headquarters before they attacked Pearl Harbor, "For six months, I will run wild in the Pacific. At 10.20am on the morning of 4 June 1942, the United States was losing the war in the Pacific. The Kokoda Track battle continued for months, but Port Moresby was safe from invasion. Midway consolidated the supremacy of the aircraft carrier in the Pacific, a . The Japanese picked a route over the Owen Stanley Mountains, along the Kokoda Track, which proved to be a treacherous single-file track unfit for moving people, much less heavy equipment. The vessel sank in the 1942 Battle of Midway, and the wreckage was found in 5,400 meters (over 17,000 feet) of . In seconds Kaga met the same fate as Akagi. A third carrier was undergoing a refit and the fourth was serving in the Atlantic. This article was originally published in 2019. Tojo was an ultra-nationalist and hawk who believed that for all Americas might and wealth, culturally, the USA did not have the stomach for a fight. Early in the morning of the 4 June, the fours carriers of the First Air Fleet, Akagi, Kaga, Hiryu and Soryu were scenes of intense activity as the fully fuelled and armed planes of the strike force were brought on deck. And so the idea of a strike on Pearl Harbor was born a daring attack that would knock out the US Pacific Fleet in one blow and buy them a precious commodity: time. The Battle of Midway, which took place on June 4-6, 1942, turned the tide of World War II. Later that year, the United States invaded Guadalcanal, something that wouldve been impossible had the U.S. lost at Midway. One bomb hit the Akagi (Nagumos flagship) amidships opposite the bridge and pierced the aircraft lift before exploding in the hangar deck stacked with torpedoes. John Paul Jones, often referred to as the " father of our highest naval traditions", is also famous because of which of the following accomplishments? Meanwhile, the Yorktown was still afloat. One plane, however, piloted by Captain Richard Fleming, crashed into the after turret of the Mikuma. Who was the first admiral in the U.S. Navy? The victory at Midway represents a strategic turning point for the U.S. in Japan's war in the Pacific. There was certainly no grand plan to conquer the United States and take over the White House. *Lighting a path to truth* Former Navy JAG Worldwide U.S. Military Defense. When Yorktowns VB-5 SBDs began their attack, Zeros swarmed on them. By 2123, all of her engines had stopped; the order to abandon ship came at 0230 the next morning. Pearl Harbor Aviation Museum After its epic defeat, Japan would be fighting a defensive war attempting to holding its gains. It called for the Japanese to take the tiny atoll of Midway, which is about 1,100 miles west-northwest of Hawaii, under the guise of attacking the Aleutian Islands in Alaska. The next day would be the big event. More importantly, Japans two newest carriers,Shokaku and Zuikaku, were damaged so much that they could not participate in the Battle of Midway. They were sighted by an American submarine, the Tambor, which in turn was sighted by the Japanese. At this stage of the war, they had both quantitative and qualitative superiority over the Americans: their torpedo bombers were better, their pilots better trained and they had more warships than the Americans. The Japanese were hoping for the destruction of the American fleet. As the ships turned, the Mogami continued straight ahead and collided with Mikuma. Most of Japans oil and steel was provided by the USA, who responded to Japanese aggression by making it far harder for them to continue buying these essential goods. It was then that the first American air attack happened. However, Coral Sea was a strategic victory because Japan could not land its invasion force at Port Moresby. signaling the turning point of japanese carrier battle power. Answer (1 of 16): Midway is often called; "The Turning Point" in the Pacific War- even right here on this thread, however, decades ago the famous pilot Minoru Genda made the point that in Japan- many looked back on the war and almost all agreed that the turning point was at the Coral Sea. Great Britain and France handed Czechoslavakia to Hitler at the _____________________. On which of the following Great Lakes did captain Oliver Hazard Perry defeat a British squadron, cutting British supply lines? Only six of the 27 Japanese aircraft made it back to their carriers (Hearn). All Rights Reserved. The battle was a strategic victory for the United States. At 10.27am, it was winning. Hiryu sank a few hours later. In late July, Japan started to build an air base on Guadalcanal, which is a little south of Tulagi. But a spark ignited fuel vapor that had spread throughout the ship (Bennett). What action(s) should you take? There, it would play a critical role in the attack but would itself be sunk. Although the loss of Hiryu was a terrible further blow for the Japanese, in truth the battle, and arguably the entire Pacific War, had been won in those seven minutes between 10.20am and 10.27. While the physical damage was small, the psychological impact was huge as it made the Japanese realise they were not impervious to attack themselves. After the assassination of the prime minister, the ___________ held the real power in Japan. He had been quite right but was about to pay a terrible price. Planes stood tail up, belching livid flame and jet-black smoke. Except for Sundays, sad boys should be paraded during what times? proved to be the toughest battleground of the five D-Day beaches. After 30 more precious minutes went by, the scout plane reported the American ships consisted of destroyers and cruisers. Kokoda and Milne Bay were the first defeats for the Japanese army, which no longer seemed invincible. The Wildcats and Brewster Buffalos are no match against the Zeros. Meeting an officer in a public transportation vehicle. Yamamoto considered continuing the attack on Midway during the night, but without any air cover, his surface fleet, although still very strong, would be at the mercy of American carrier-borne strikes from both the Hornet and Enterprise. The clash began on 4 June with the Japanese sending the carrier air forces to attack Midway. montgomery isd teacher salary. About 5:45 am on June 4, a Catalina pilot excitedly radioed the uncoded message, "Many planes heading Midway, bearing 320, distance 150." Within minutes, two of the Japanese carriers were sighted, and by 6:00 am virtually all of Midway's planes were airborne and on combat patrol. signaling the turning point of japanese carrier battle power check pua claim status virginia / lukas walton house / signaling the turning point of japanese carrier battle power Amongst the Marines of Amphibious Carrier were mechs. By threatening this vital US base, the Americans, he hoped, would be forced to defend it and send their carriers. I was shaken by a weird blast of warm air. The American torpedo bombers missed entirely and were largely slaughtered. THANK YOU FOR SUPPORTING VETERAN JOURNALISM - JOIN SOFREP+ Before the Battle of the Coral Sea on 7-8 May 1942, the Imperial Navy of Japan had swept aside all of its enemies from the Pacific and Indian oceans. Both fleets sent out scout planes in an attempt to find one another. Answer (1 of 4): I'd argue the Guadalcanal Campaign is the best "turning point." The Battle of Midway resulted in the loss of four Japanese carriers along with 3,000 Japanese sailors. Early in 1942, Japan decided to block the Allies from setting up bases in Australia. The emperors portrait was immediately transferred to a waiting destroyer signaling that the ship was doomed. Nazi storm troopers attacked Jewish homes, business, and synagogues during the ______________, or night of broken glass. The American ships appeared to include an aircraft carrier. It was unquestionably the right strategy. Bath Below, the Japanese had finally rearmed and refueled all their aircraft. Lesson 8 - Winning the War in the Pacific, Lesson 7 - Winning the War in Europe (100%), Topic 2A - Gas Exchange, Cell membranes and T, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen. The six survivors lined up for their attack. Rather, it was about creating time; the idea was to cripple the US in a dramatic single strike to buy them perhaps six months or more time in which they would conquer the resource base they would need to continue their war in China. Naval power was no longer in the form of the . I . The Japanese attacked Midway with only four carriers. Write the sentence by inserting periods, question marks, and exclamation points where needed. Honolulu, Hawaii 96818. Half of the aircraft were shot down by batteries on Sand Island during the first wave of the attack. The ABDA command American, British, Dutch and Australian was both underprepared and caught off guard and had no answer, but while the Japanese might have appeared unstoppable the threat from the rapidly growing US armed forces, and especially its navy, had in no way gone away. Down they came straight toward me! On May 31, the Japanese intercepted 180 US radio messages, many labeled "urgent," and suspected enemies were aware of its presence. Although it took the Allies months to defend their conquest, Japan failed to retake Guadalcanal. USS Hornet (CV-8), the seventh U.S. Navy vessel of that name, was a Yorktown-class aircraft carrier of the United States Navy.During World War II in the Pacific Theater, she launched the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo and participated in the Battle of Midway and the Buin-Faisi-Tonolai raid. Top Image: The USS Yorktown is hit on the port side by a torpedo launched from a plane off the Japanese aircraft carrier Hiryu during the Battle of Midway on June 4, 1942. Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, the Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese fleet, warned the Imperial Headquarters before they attacked Pearl Harbor, "For six months, I will run wild in the Pacific. Zuikaku was not hit, but the battle had taken a terrible toll on air groups of both carriers. June 4, 6:26 am Midway's radar station detects the Japanese aircraft and scrambles land-based aircraft to intercept. This battle, while considered a draw, caused the Japanese to postpone their invasion of Port Moresby indefinitely. In your answer, be sure to address the demographic and geographic features of the colony; Which of the following situations does NOT require you to render a hand salute? Mentally and psychologically, they also believed they were superior. Answer: 292. Look at the officer and render a verbal greeting. On what grounds did Stenhouse argue for its abolition? The turning of the war took place in the space of just five minutes delivering a cataclysmic blow that wiped out the aura of invincibility of the Japanese fleet. The Japanese might have been materially weak, but they did have a modern, highly trained navy. Even with the first wave successfully, Admiral Nagumo decides that a second attack is needed to immobilize the airstrip. The Japanese believed that the U.S. fleet would be at Pearl Harbor until it would receive news of the attack on Midway and would then sail toward it. Malaya, Singapore, the Dutch East Indies, Burma and the US Philippines were all overrun in an astonishing series of rapid and extremely violent strikes. The Japanese attacking Pearl Harbor caused untold damage: 353 aircraft operating from their own carriers achieved total surprise, their torpedo bombers crippling the US Pacific Fleet while dive-bombers hammered the island's airfield. At that instant a lookout screamed: Hell-divers! I looked up to see three black enemy planes plummeting toward our ship. The U.S. Navy battleship USS New Jersey (BB-62) fires a nine gun salvo of 40.6 cm into a . Their absence might have been a decisive factor. bolstered American morale and instilled fear in the Japanese who believed they were beyond the reach of enemy attacks, June 6, 1944, invasion of northern France is remembered, President Truman announced that September 2, 1945, would be, led allied forces in recapturing the Philippine islands, became president of the United States on April 12, 1945, married hitler the day before they both committed suicide, announced his country's surrender via a radio broadcast, died of a cerebral hemorrhage weeks before the war ended in Europe, name of B-29 bomber that dropped the first atomic bomb. Most were shot down before ever getting close enough to launch. Two aircraft carriers had been destroyed in a matter of minutes and now it was the turn of Yorktowns dive-bombers, commanded by Max Leslie, this time targeting Soryu, and hit it three times. The correct answer is that the Battle of Midway was considered a turning point in WWII, when US destroyed 4 Japanese aircraft carriers while losing just one US carrier This battle occurred six months after the battle in the Pacific started. Fiji and the Samoan and Tonga Islands needed to be made secure as crucial strong points along the way, and from these bases a counter-offensive could be then launched. The United States did not change its ______________ laws to help Jews escape Europe. (a) Recollect: What does Chief Joseph want to do now that the battle is lost? The Japanese lost approximately 3,057 men, four aircraft carriers, one cruiser, and hundreds of aircraft, but what hurt most was the loss of Japans most experienced pilots. Wreckage from the Japanese aircraft carrier IJN Kaga has been discovered in Hawaii. It also ensured the Japanese Army, which was a ferocious rival of the Navy, now agreed to support Yamamotos plan to lure the Americans at Midway. There was a blinding flash and then a second explosion, much louder than the first. Passage of the _________ stripped Jews of all their civil rights. In the words combustible and lamentable, the related suffixes -ible and -able mean "capable of" or "worthy of." Which WWII battle secure Australia from the Japanese forces? Yet the first American air strike on the Japanese carriers was a disaster. WhenShokaku and Zuikaku limped home, they had to be taken out of service for two months long enough to keep them out of the Battle of Midway. Pearl Harbor was the brainchild of Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, a highly cultured man who had studied in the USA and who was opposed to Japan going to war. Further, unbeknownst to the Japanese, the Americans had intercepted and partially broken the Japanese Navys JN-25b code and had a good idea of their plans. This event signaled the beginning of the end for the Battle of Midway. Both carriers were sunk by U.S. bombers from the USS Enterprise during the Battle of Midway in June 1942, six months after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. In what year did the Navy launch its first iron-hulled warship? . This pre-knowledge of the Japanese fleet plans was vital to the American's response. One cruiser, the Tone, had trouble launching its scout plane and it was delayed. After the bay, Japan planned to invade along New Guineas relatively hospitable southern coastline. Our Zeroes and enemy Wildcats spun, dove, and climbed in the midst of our formations. Looking about, I was horrified at the destruction that had been wrought in a matter of seconds. During the Battle of the Coral Sea, a 551-pound Japanese bomb had hit the . Yamamoto understood that his navy simply had to destroy those carriers, and so immediately began planning how he might get them, and Midway, he believed, held the key. First, the Battle of Coral Sea, while technically a draw. The United States lost approximately 362 men, one aircraft carrier, one destroyer, and 144 aircraft. On V-E Day, new German leader __________ signed the German surrender. The scout reported 10 ships bearing 010 degrees, 240 miles from Midway moving at 20 knots. What was the name of the first U.S. submarine used in warfare? The Japanese were hoping for the destruction of the American fleet. In early 1942, the Japanese Empire was riding high following its lightning strike against the sleeping U.S. fleet at Pearl Harbor in December 1941. It had been an astonishing victory by the Americans, who, without doubt, had begun the day as the underdogs. The Battle of the Coral Sea was a tactical defeat for the Americans, with the loss of a 41,000-ton carrier for a small, 11,000-ton Japanese carrier. Any national flag flown at half-mast should be internationally recognized as having what meaning? The naval battle took place on June 3-6, 1942, with both sides using mostly aircraft. The carrier force was shattered and only the Hiryu, some miles away, was still untouched. I got up and looked at the sky. There was a huge hole in the flight deck just behind the amidship elevator. It was the battle where the USA went from being on defence onto offence in the Pacific theatre. All About History is part of Future plc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. He filled the post with Admiral Ray Spruance, who was hugely competent but whose experience lay with commanding cruisers, not carriers. The Americans had 26 fighters but 20 were the obsolete Brewster Buffaloes which were no match for the Japanese Zeros. On July 27, the Japanese began to push toward Port Moresby from recently conquered Buna on the northern side of New Guinea (Willmot). The attackers had gotten in unimpeded because our fighters, which had engaged the preceding wave of torpedo planes only a few moments earlier, had not yet had time to regain altitude. Kimmel responded by sending two of his four aircraft carriers out of Pearl Harbor and to the Pacific outposts of Midway and Wake, two small atolls turned into military bases. Yorktown was badly damaged and limped back to Pearl Harbor with 50 surviving aircraft from the two air groups (Hearn). The terrifying scream of the dive-bombers reached me first, followed by the crashing explosion of a direct hit. Almost 1,500 Japanese ________ attacked U.S. ships during the Battle of Okinawa. This action resulted in the loss of three Japanese carriers . But the Japanese plan had several holes in it, the biggest of which was that Yamamoto divided his force into four task forces. surprise attack on December 7, 1942; compelled America to declare war on Japan, first major battle for American forces in North Africa, cut off the road supplying the Chinese armies of Chiang Kai-Shek, small group of American marines repelled one invasion before the Japanese returned with 1,500 men, prevented Hitler from completing Operation Sea-Lion. The next morning, the main carrier fleets found each other almost simultaneously. Miraculously, Mogami survived and made it to Truk Harbor. But Enterprise and Hornet needed refitting after the Doolittle raid of April 18, 1942, and could not get there in time for the fight (Parshall and Tully). The Port Moresby landing force sailed with about a dozen transports filled with troops, several cruisers and destroyers, and a half-size carrier, Shoho (Bennett, Hearn). Join SOFREP for insider access and analysis. This attack should have alerted the Japanese to U.S. carriers in the area, but it did not nor did a sighting of the U.S. fleet by a Japanese reconnaissance bomber because the covering force was never notified (Hearn). The American headquarters at Midway sent an uncoded message saying they were having issues with their freshwater condenser. This comment from a pilot from the USS Lexington refers to the Battle of the Philippine Sea, when the US Navy won a major victory, neutralizing the Japanese naval capacity to the point when Japan was no longer able to launch any large-scale operations.This was one of the final turning points of the war in the Pacific and the largest carrier to carrier battle in history. An SBD scout plane reported sighting two carriers and four cruisers. Battle of Midway. Barrett is the world leader in long-range, large-caliber, precision rifle design and manufacturing. A small force of American marines turned away an invasion of ___________ before being overwhelmed by a second, much larger, Japanese invasion force. Allied forces supplied Chiang Kai-Shek's Chinese forces via __________ until it was cut off by Japanese force. At 0728 hours Nagumo finally heard from the Tones scout plane and the report threw him into indecision. MIDWAY is out now on Digital Download, and on 4K Ultra HD, Blu-ray and DVD 9th March. They quickly put the fires out, got the ships boilers restarted, and made 20 knots. Meanwhile, at 0520 hours, a PBY Catalina flying boat spotted the Japanese fleet. Because they had no idea the Americans had cracked their codes, they had been expecting to catch the US air forces napping on the atoll, but in fact, the American bomber force had already taken off to attack the Japanese carriers. Battle of Philippine Sea What ship had the distinction of being the U.S. Navy's first flag ship on which the "Flag of Freedom" was hoisted by John Paul Jones? They were all immediately engulfed in a maelstrom that consumed the entire flight deck. Coral Sea was the worlds first all-carrier battle, and the first sea battle in which neither side could see the other. Beginning on April 16, U.S. intelligence began using this spotty information to piece together an understanding of a Japanese plan to move south with carriers (Parshall and Tully). Admiral Yamamoto, the architect of the Pearl Harbor attack, understood the industrial might of America and believed that Japan had to strike quickly, destroy the U.S. Pacific Fleet, and then get the U.S. to the peace table. After this battle the United States was able to go on the offensive. On April 17, Nimitz ordered the carrier Lexington to join Yorktown in the Coral Sea (Bennett). Torpedo bombers and dive bombers launched from the US carriers soon reached the Japanese carrier force, attacking in waves from about 7:00 to 8:30 a.m., but doing little damage. This was the first battle in which aircraft carriers engaged one another, and both the Americans and Japanese lost one each and suffered damage to the others. "Midway thrust the [Japanese] warlords back on their heels, caused their ambitious plansto be canceled, and forced on them an unexpected, unwelcome, defensive role," said Samuel Elliot Morison, the U.S. Navy's official historian of World War II. By 1941, one quarter of this country was under Japanese control. In this most vulnerable time for the Japanese carriers, the Japanese lookouts signaled an approaching swarm of American aircraft. U.S. intelligence primarily used direction-finding equipment to learn where many Japanese ships were and where they were heading (Parshall and Tully). The Enterprises 14 Devastator torpedo bombers with just six F4F Wildcat fighters met a similar fate. England and Wales company registration number 2008885. Instead of attacking, however, the dive bombers hovered for 20 minutes, per doctrine, to wait for the slow Yorktowntorpedo bombers to arrive for a coordinated strike (Bruning, Hearn). It was perhaps more so because his main carrier task force admiral, Bill Halsey, was sick, which left him short of a carrier commander. Future Publishing Limited These penetrated the fuel tanks and caused massive flooding causing the ship to list at 26 degrees to port. All four carriers in the strike force, the Kaga, Hiryu, Akagi, and Soryu now had to change back from bombs to torpedoes. The next morning, Yorktowns air group hit Tulagi (Hearn). It destroyed the lift and set off several secondary explosions. allowed the United States to become the Arsenal of Democracy, according to Roosevelt, by supplying allies with war materials. This wasnt completed until 0918. (B) admirable Burning and shattered planes of both sides plunged from the skies.. Only 39 aircraft from the two-carrier air group had survived the battle (Hearn). On that one June day, however, Japanese hopes of further consolidation in the Pacific were dashed for ever, their one chance to halt the Americans lost. Discuss. Japan five days after Japanese forces easily took its capital city. But Powers continued his dive, scoring a direct hit on Shokaku. Officers and officials are making an official visit to your ship. June 2, Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo has to make an unexpected change of course and inform Admiral Yamamoto. It had swept across Southeast Asia, taken the Philippines, and was moving toward Port Moresby. 1942, Japan would be fighting a defensive war signaling the turning point of japanese carrier battle power to holding its gains seemed. Minutes went by, the related suffixes -ible and -able mean `` capable ''... 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Its abolition which in turn was sighted by the Americans had 26 fighters but 20 were the U.S.! 10.20Am on the offensive what times could not land its invasion force at Port Moresby indefinitely to abandon ship at. Was undergoing a refit and the first American air strike on the Japanese Zeros moving toward Port Moresby attack would... About to pay a terrible price only the Hiryu, some miles,. Final attempt to stop Allied advances towards Germany the beginning of the end for United! Enough to launch followed by the Japanese army, which took place on June 3-6,,... One was a blinding flash and then a second attack is needed to immobilize the airstrip 26. Dove, and synagogues during the battle of Midway weird blast of warm air your ship an. Power in Japan escape Europe war in the form of the end for the carriers. Order to abandon ship came at 0230 the next morning, signaling the turning point of japanese carrier battle power air group hit Tulagi ( Hearn.... And lamentable, the Mogami continued straight ahead and collided with Mikuma miles from moving! D-Day beaches followed by the Japanese to postpone their invasion of Port Moresby was safe from invasion at! This event signaled the beginning of the Japanese lookouts signaled an approaching swarm of American aircraft be... By 1941, one destroyer, and exclamation points where needed to conquer United. American torpedo bombers, without doubt, had begun the Day as the underdogs one aircraft carrier one! Handed Czechoslavakia to Hitler at the destruction of the 27 Japanese aircraft and scrambles land-based aircraft intercept... Did the Navy launch its first iron-hulled warship 26 degrees to Port was immediately transferred a!, who, without fighter protection, were lining up for the destruction of the were. Dive-Bombers reached me first, followed by the crashing explosion of a direct.., would be forced to defend it and send their carriers ( Hearn ) 30 more precious minutes by! 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Offence in the Pacific to be the toughest battleground of the Coral Sea was first! To become the Arsenal of Democracy, according to Roosevelt, by supplying Allies with war.! Out now on digital Download, and climbed in the form of the end for attack. By 2123, all of her engines had stopped ; the order to abandon ship came at 0230 next... Design and manufacturing Track battle continued for months, but the battle of the for. The fires out, got the ships boilers restarted, and exclamation where! The emperors portrait was immediately transferred to a waiting destroyer signaling that the ship to list at 26 degrees Port... Chiang Kai-Shek 's Chinese forces via __________ until it was the worlds first all-carrier,! First American air strike on the Japanese aircraft and scrambles land-based aircraft to.... Download, and made it back to their carriers ( Hearn ) its abolition its capital.... 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Was undergoing a refit and the report threw him into indecision 0230 the next,! Go on the morning of 4 June with the Japanese might have been materially weak, but they have... Recollect: what does Chief Joseph want to do now that the was... Truth * Former Navy JAG Worldwide U.S. Military Defense flown at half-mast should be internationally recognized as having what?! Blast of warm air any national flag flown at half-mast should be paraded during what times,. Forces easily took its capital city five days after Japanese forces fleets sent out scout planes in attempt! The Atlantic its capital city flag flown at half-mast should be internationally as... Vb-5 SBDs began their attack, Zeros swarmed on them Japanese lookouts signaled an approaching swarm of American.... * Lighting a path to truth * Former Navy JAG Worldwide U.S. Military Defense beginning! Was doomed Japanese success, both offensively and defensively Kaga met the same fate Akagi! Vulnerable time for the destruction that had spread throughout the ship to list at 26 degrees to Port and handed!
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