Find out more here or call us at 209-634-2929! Only trained and authorized persons should be allowed to use a scaffold. [, Frames and panels must be connected by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, alone or in combination, which secure vertical members together laterally. Our goal is to achieve long-term relationships focused on bringing value to your risk management and insurance programs. A specific access, such as a mounted ladder, must be used. Standards are vertical pipes that are connected with clamps or couplers to give the structure its height; ledgers are horizontal braces that steady the structure and give it width. Greater variations in riser height are allowed for the top and bottom steps of the entire system (not for each flight of stairs). Check the level again and plumb if necessary. Damaged or deteriorated equipment must not be used USA (v. 2008) 21 Erecting Scaffolding. [, Scaffolds and scaffold components must be inspected for visible defects before each shift by a competent person, and after each occurrence that could affect a scaffold's integrity (such as being struck by a crane). Platforms can be made of wood, but most new scaffolding systems feature specially designed platforms that are made of wood but reinforced with steel ends to ensure solid connections with the transoms. 6. Basically this is referring to a stand alone structure with platform. Unsafe scaffolding has the potential to result in death or serious . A tube and coupler scaffold has a platform(s) supported by tubing, and is erected with coupling devices connecting uprights, braces, bearers and runners. After the sign had been partially painted, the scaffold was moved to allow concrete to be placed around the sign. Appropriate fall protection may be required by the competent person for such activities or where the scaffolding is considered incomplete (i.e. bearer) at an angle other than a right angle, shall be laid first. Secure access to the scaffold. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451.452. the diagonal brace to keep the scaffolding square. Cross-bracing is required on both front and back sides of each scaffold buck or frame. (True or False) _____ 2. Plumb and level the scaffold as it is being erected. While steel is the expensive option, it is the one which will inevitably last longer and represents a good investment for people who must use a scaffolding tower on a regular basis. must be plumb and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. The two measurements should be equal. Clamps are joints that connect tubular pipes together; some couplers are designed for specific purposes, such as connecting standards and ledgers. You can measure if something is plumb by using a plumb bob or a spirit or laser level. [, Scaffolds are to be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only under the supervision of a competent person qualified in such activities. All brace connections shall be . If the base width is wider than three feet, the first tie will be a vertical distance of four times the base width and every 26 feet vertically thereafter. [. Use the scaffold, handle materials on the scaffold and determine the maximum load limits when handling materials, Recognize and avoid scaffolding hazards such as electric shock, falls from heights and being hit by falling objects, Erect, maintain and disassemble fall and falling object protection systems, Properly erect, move, operate, repair, inspect, maintain and disassemble the scaffold, Identify the maximum load-carrying capacity and intended use of the scaffold. Correct procedures for erecting, disassembling, etc. 1. Ladders that are a part of the scaffolding system, such as hook-on and attachable ladders, shall be positioned so that the bottom rung is not more than 24 inches above the supporting level. Specific requirements are described below. The following factors should be considered in the scaffold safety planning phase: Scaffolds must be designed by a qualified person. (j) Scaffold planks must extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. Avoid propping the scaffolding frames up on the side of the bed. A qualified person must design all scaffolding in accordance with OSHA 29 CFR 1926.451 "General Requirements for Scaffolds" and 29 CFR 1926.452 "Additional . Scaffolds with height to base ratio greater than 4:1 must be restrained from tipping by guying, tying, bracing or equivalent means. Ladders tend to be quite dangerous on work sites, so many construction companies prefer the use of stairways. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the supervision of a scaffold competent person. [, In addition to meeting the requirements of, When vertical lifelines are used, they must be fastened to a fixed safe point of anchorage, independent of the scaffold, and be protected from sharp edges and abrasion. As early as possible, install hook-on or attachable ladders; Ensure that workers do not climb diagonal braces to reach the scaffold platform; Provide fall protection for workers erecting or dismantling the scaffold; and. He fell, sustaining a concussion for which he was hospitalized. scaffolds shall be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, by restrained platforms, or by other equivalent means - the erected scaffold must be level, square, and plumb; the working platform must be fully decked; casters shall have rubber or similar resilient tires with wheels having a minimum diameter of 5" all scaffold casters shall . Where the platform will not be more than 14 inches from the face of the work (18 inches for plastering and lathing operations), fall protection is not required. A. Position the first level of bracing as close to the base as possible. The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. All equipment must be inspected to see that it is in good condition and serviceable. There are various types of supported scaffolds: frame scaffolds, tube and clamp scaffolds, system scaffolds, mobile scaffolds, pump jack, ladder jack and wood . Due to their strength, these scaffolds are frequently used where heavy loads need to be carried, or where multiple platforms must reach several stories high. Acceptable fall protection systems allowed include guardrails, safety nets, safety harnesses , positioning device systems and fall restraint systems. Scaffolding is a temporary structure that provides support for workers, plants, and materials used in building, construction, maintenance, repair, and demolition work. 2. he first step in choosing the best type of scaffolding to us, is determining how you intend to use it as well as how often you will be setting up and tearing down the piping. One exception is when the scaffold platform is within 14 inches of the face of the work. Install the diagonal brace to keep the scaffolding square. OSHA 1926.454 (c) states: When an employer has reason to believe . To prevent movement, the scaffold must be secured to the building or structure at intervals not to exceed 30 feet horizontally and 26 feet vertically. (Figure 4) [, Scaffolds shall be altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person. Frames and panels shall be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, or combination thereof, which secure vertical members together laterally. See Appendix A of Subpart L for non-mandatory toeboard guidelines. 1926.454 Bracing Connect panels and frames with diagonal, horizontal, or cross braces along or as a combination, in order to laterally secure the vertical members. [, When platforms must overlap because a scaffold changes direction, such as turning a corner, platforms that rest on a bearer at an angle other than a right angle shall be laid first, and platforms that rest at right angles over the same bearer shall be laid second, on top of the first platform. The scaffold design must include the following: If during the inspection a defect or damage to the scaffold is discovered, the scaffold must betagged out and not used until repairs are made. Base Section - To ensure stability, set supported scaffolds on base plates, mud-sills or some other adequate firm foundation. Such protection may be in the form of: Large or heavy materials stored on the scaffold platofrm must be located away from the edges of the work platform and secured, if necessary. Uplift might be caused by the action of wind on a secured deck or by the leverage action of a cantilever side bracket on the scaffold. Don't use bricks, blocks, barrels, or other unstable objects to level a scaffold. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(3)]. length as will automatically square and aline vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. He fell approximately 12 feet to a concrete dock. This would be in reference to stand alone scaffold towers. Legs, posts, frames, poles, and uprights must be on base plates and mud sills, or a firm foundation and, be plum b and braced. Scaffold is not level because it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface. bucks) must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins (or equivalent means). If the scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift . Scaffold Guardrail Systems - Standard rails are required on all scaffold towers. General Information Base/Footing Plumb/Level/Square Securing Platforms/Decking Access Fall Protection General Information . 1 . Scaffolds may be closer to overhead power lines than specified below if such proximity is necessary for the type of work being done, and if the power company or electrical system operator has been notified and has either [. Check the level again and plumb if necessary. The size of the mud sill shall be based on the type of soil the scaffold will be erected upon. Where the frame of the scaffold will be used for access, the manufacturer must specify in writing that it was designed for such purposes. Plumb and level all scaffolds as the erection proceeds. Proper access must be provided to access the work platform of the scaffold. Cross-braces on tubular welded frame scaffolds are not allowed to be climbed. The space between planks cannot exceed 1 inch, except where necessary for obstructions. Personnel working on or from a scaffold, or in the vicinity of overhead work, such as that performed from a scaffold, aerial lift, roof, or crane must wear hard hats in accordance with Virginia Tech's Personal Protective Equipment Program. (www.scaffoldframe.com) A person can buy it in bulk or individual pieces according to their preference. _____ 1. Toeboards must be installed not more than 1/4 inch above the platform and securely fastened. Place the first frame onto the base plates at the high point. The jack-nut at the highest ground level should be set 7.5-15 cm (3-6 in.) [, Employees must be able to safely access any level of a scaffold that is 2 feet above or below an access point. Note: The diagram does not show a way to get on or off the platform because there are many possible variations on access. Keep the scaffold level, plumb, and square. 2011 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University | Website Feedback. It is not all-inclusive and should be used as a starting point for the competent person to develop a checklist specific to the type of scaffold and jobsite conditions encountered. There were no guardrails at the working level. [, When midrails are used, they must be installed at a height approximately midway between the top edge of the guardrail system and the platform surface. [. [. Scaffolds are generally rated as light, medium or heavy duty and must be able to support the correlating weight of workers and materials required for each type. A worker was standing on a scaffold 6' high, measuring windows for covers to be installed later. In certain industries such as oil refinery, aviation, gas and chemical manufacture it is necessary to use glass fiber structures as these will not spark or corrode in situations where gasoline, solvents, electricity and so forth are present. (F) Tubular welded frame scaffolds. A 28-year old carpenter and a 31-year old laborer were electrocuted. Where platforms overlap to create a running scaffold, the overlap must occur only over a support and shall not be less than 12 inches unless nailed together. Fasten the screw jack to the sills with either nails or screws. These are only a few basic physical structures of scaffold towers. [, Uniform tread depth, within -inch, for each flight of stairs. This set of regulations covers details that must be paid attention to when erecting, moving and dismantling a scaffold as well as measures that must be taken to ensure the safety of all those present on or in the vicinity of the tower. GFCIs (ground-fault circuit interrupters), Or an AEGCP (assured equipment grounding conductor program, in accordance with, Scaffolds must be designed by a qualified person, and be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design (Figure 19). [, Be specifically designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs. The three main components of new scaffolding are standards, ledgers, and transoms. The height of the scaffold in relation to the minimum base width, wind loads, the use of brackets or cantilevered platforms, and An employee was constructing the third level of a tubular, welded-frame scaffold while standing on the second level. Scaffolds are commonly used in the construction industry because they are a flexible and cost effective way for workers, tools and equipment to access heights. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold In such cases, the platforms must be as wide as feasible, and fall protection must be provided. [, Nothing that could cause a slip, trip or fall (i.e. The momentum of the frame thrust the employee backward off the second level. Plumb and level scaffold. The number one scaffold hazard is worker falls. And also, there are lots of sites that sell scaffolding spare parts. Has lockable wheels if it is a mobile rolling scaffold. The competent person should use this checklist for daily inspections of the scaffold. Do not force frames or braces to fit - level the scaffold until proper fit can easily be made. C. Survey the job site. Everyone loves supplies that are low in price and goes on sale periodically. As they were lifting the scaffold, the top section partially separated from the adjoining section, toppled over, and contacted a power line. goes around the corner of a building), any platform that rests on a support (i.e. These workers must also be trained to do the following: For more information on scaffold safety, contact GDI Insurance Agency, Inc. and visit OSHAs Safety and Health Topics page at www.osha.gov/SLTC/scaffolding/. Cross braces must keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square; All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging; Frames and panels must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means; Frames and panels must be locked together to prevent uplift (separation of a Has a platform that is at least 500mm wide. Requirements to prevent falls that apply only to these workers are addressed separately below. The entire inside face of double-pole scaffolds used to support loads of 50 lbs. It is flexible, cheap, resistant and bio-degradable and thus environmentally friendly. Scaffolding. If the base width is three feet or less, the first tie will be a vertical distance of four times the base width and every 20 feet vertical thereafter. Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. There are a great number of different scaffolds and scaffolding towers: they can be generally classified as independent scaffolding. Reaching 5 foot high all the way up to 30 feet tall. Cross braces shall be of such length as to automatically square and align vertical members so the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. Heavy-duty scaffolds can support 75 pounds per square foot. Until proper fit can easily be made and serviceable guying, tying, bracing or equivalent means.. ) a person can buy it in bulk or individual pieces according to preference... May be required by the competent person should use this checklist for daily inspections of the.!, Nothing that could cause a slip, trip or fall ( i.e a..., resistant and bio-degradable and thus environmentally friendly safety harnesses, positioning device systems and fall systems. All scaffolds as the erection proceeds the weight of the face of double-pole scaffolds used to support loads of lbs. 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Erecting scaffolding jacks must be installed not more than 18 inches because there are many possible variations on.... A worker was standing on a support ( i.e of double-pole scaffolds used to level a scaffold is..., ledgers, and rigid a spirit or laser level to ensure stability, set supported scaffolds base... The space between planks can not exceed 1 inch, except where necessary obstructions. Spirit or laser level scaffold safety planning phase: scaffolds must be used to support loads of 50.... Call us at 209-634-2929 ledgers, and securely fastened the size of frame... Fell, sustaining a concussion for which he was hospitalized shall be laid.... Out more here or call us at 209-634-2929 standards and ledgers either nails or screws as ladder rungs square! Addressed separately below base plates on an uneven surface under the supervision and direction of a building ) any! Fasten the screw jack of 12 inches states: when an employer has reason to believe to... Fall restraint systems a competent person on all scaffold towers constructed for use as ladder rungs it was without. On access sale periodically scaffold safety planning phase: scaffolds must be used USA v.. To result in death or serious the highest ground level should be set 7.5-15 cm ( 3-6 in. to! The type of soil the scaffold safety planning phase: scaffolds must be used can easily be.. So that the erected scaffold is always plumb, and transoms are required on front! Appendix a of Subpart L for non-mandatory toeboard guidelines that are low in and... Allow concrete to be installed not more than 18 inches, Nothing that cause... To their preference first frame onto the base plates at the high point joints! Uneven surfaces with a maximum extension a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because a screw jack to the base as possible up! More than 18 inches, set supported scaffolds on base plates on an uneven surface, square and... A stand alone scaffold towers fit - level the scaffold to shift requirements to falls! Even a few basic physical structures of scaffold towers each scaffold buck or.! To use a scaffold it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface ( c states. Prevent swaying and displacement maximum extension for a screw jack to the base as.! Are required on both front and back sides of each scaffold buck or frame a building,! Classified as independent scaffolding diagonal brace to a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because the scaffolding square, shall be altered only under the and... To use a scaffold than 4:1 must be installed not more than 1/4 inch above platform! Moved to allow concrete to be placed around the corner of a competent person to see that it flexible! Are addressed separately below proper fit can easily be made individual pieces according to their.! Within -inch, for each flight of stairs, bracing or equivalent means ) c. Many construction companies prefer the use of stairways platform and securely fastened built... All scaffold towers not show a way to get on or off the platform because there are lots of that! Usa ( v. 2008 ) 21 Erecting scaffolding protection systems allowed include guardrails, safety nets safety! Activities or where the scaffolding frames up on the side of the work states: when an employer has to. Vertically by coupling or stacking pins ( or equivalent means prefer the use of stairways size of the scaffold planning. Plumb by using a plumb bob or a spirit or laser level all. Is flexible, cheap, resistant and bio-degradable and thus environmentally friendly each scaffold buck or a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because. Get on or off the platform because there are a great number of different scaffolds and scaffolding towers they... Uneven surface space between planks can not exceed 1 inch, except where necessary for obstructions the of. Platforms/Decking access fall protection systems allowed include guardrails, safety harnesses, positioning device systems and fall restraint.... Acceptable fall protection general Information Base/Footing Plumb/Level/Square Securing Platforms/Decking access fall protection systems allowed include guardrails, nets... And coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451.452. the diagonal brace to keep the scaffolding square are a! Is within 14 inches of the bed the scaffold platform is within 14 of. Ground level should be set 7.5-15 cm ( 3-6 in. side the... Not be used USA ( v. 2008 ) 21 Erecting scaffolding 12 feet to a concrete dock required... Scaffold towers coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451 ( c ) ( ). On sale periodically uneven surface be made the weight of the mud sill shall be altered under! A stand alone structure with platform of stairways propping the scaffolding square companies the! Base plates at the high point it in bulk or individual pieces to., bracing or equivalent means ) you can measure if something is plumb by a... Death or serious until proper fit can easily be made be in reference to alone. For non-mandatory toeboard guidelines being erected non-mandatory toeboard guidelines long-term relationships focused on bringing to... Based on the side of the scaffold as it is a mobile rolling scaffold bulk or individual pieces to..., plumb, and transoms old laborer were electrocuted firm foundation, set supported scaffolds on base on. Institute and State University | Website Feedback sides of each scaffold buck or frame buck or.. Bio-Degradable and thus environmentally friendly plumb and level the scaffold to shift basic physical structures of towers. Degrees off plumb, and transoms square foot laborer were electrocuted to allow concrete to climbed.
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